Today, we're talking about the English prepositions "by" and "until," which have similar meanings, but there's a distinct difference between the two. Understanding the difference helps you communicate your thoughts more accurately. Now let's take a closer look at the meaning and difference and give examples of wise sayings and proverbs.
1. "By"
A. "By" indicates a deadline or a specific point in time when an action is expected to be completed or a condition is expected to be fulfilled.
B. It implies that the action or condition can happen at any time before the specified point but should not happen afterward.
C. It is often used when referring to a specific time or deadline for completing a task or achieving a goal.
Examples:
1. Please submit the report by Friday.
2. I will finish the project by the end of the month.
3. You need to be at the airport by 9 AM.
Incorrect Examples:
1. I need the documents submitted until tomorrow morning. [Incorrect: incorrect use of "until" instead of "by"]
2. The package should arrive until the end of the week. [Incorrect: incorrect use of "until" instead of "by"]
2. "Until"
A. "Until" indicates the duration of a specific action or condition, often implying that the action or condition will continue up to a certain point in time and cease thereafter.
B. It indicates a limit or endpoint in time.
C. It is often used when referring to a specific time or event when something stops or changes.
Examples:
1. I will be on vacation until next Monday.
2. Please wait here until I come back.
3. The store is open until 10 PM.
Incorrect Examples:
1. I will work on this project until I finish it, but I stopped before completing it. (This is incorrect because the action should continue until the specified event occurs.)
2. We can stay at the park until sunset, but we left early. (This is incorrect because the action ended before the specified time.)
Here are some quotes and proverbs that use "by" and "until," along with their meanings and origins.
1. "Do not wait until the iron is hot; make it hot by striking." - William Butler Yeats
Meaning: This quote encourages taking action instead of waiting for the perfect conditions. Rather than waiting for favorable circumstances, one should take the initiative and create the necessary conditions to achieve their goals.
Origin: The quote is from the Irish poet William Butler Yeats, who was known for his involvement in the Irish Literary Revival. It reflects his belief in proactive engagement and the importance of seizing opportunities.
2. "Don't count your chickens until they hatch."
Meaning: This proverb cautions against prematurely assuming or expecting a positive outcome before it actually happens. It advises people to avoid making plans or celebrating success before it is certain or guaranteed.
Origin: The origin of this proverb is not attributed to a specific individual but is part of a broader oral tradition of cautionary sayings. It is a metaphorical reminder to be patient and avoid premature optimism.
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